Jakartass Home thoughts from abroad. Alien thoughts from home.

Actually, that wasn't 100% true last year as it was a "luxury housing complex" in Pondok Labu, South Jakarta that bore the brunt of an overflowing River Krukut. The cause was not so much the heavy rain as that in March last year the marines reduced the width of the river from six metres to two in order to expand their shooting range.

Still, although more than 250 families have had to evacuate their homes, City Hall assured them that work to demolish the culvert would commence in late December and would be completed "before Jan. 30.” Except work wasn't started because the Public Works Agency said, "We are afraid that if we tear down the culvert, the houses will be damaged."

This seems to sum up the laissez-faire attitude of City Hall; their Public Works Dept. schedules 'flood prevention' work for the usual peak of the rainy season.

Storm drains are being left uncovered as apparently "they perform better." After a 55-year old woman died after falling in one in front of the Cempak Putih Carrefour, the head of the Public Works Dept stated, “We encourage people to step carefully.” This isn't the place to bemoan the lack of adequate sidewalks or street lighting but …

I'm writing this in advance of the expected "exceptional" floods caused by La Nina which may, or may not according to Sri Woro Harijono, the head of the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), occur in a five yearly cycle, exacerbated by climate change. The UN World Meteorological Organization has stated that it's already here. However, Ibu Sri has warned City Hall that in January, "there will be a high potential for flooding because nearly all areas in Jakarta are at high risk."

Indeed. Some 40% of the city lies below sea level and it is sinking at a rate of up to 3 centimetres a year thanks to the uncontrolled extraction of groundwater and the weight of new buildings. Add to this the rising sea level, at about 3mm a year, neap tides which the talkfest in Copenhagen next month won't do a thing to 'solve', as King Canute (985 – 1035) demonstrated.

Jakarta Governor Fauzi Bowo recently called on everyone to stop scaring people with predictions of massive floods this year, but I started a long tme ago and I'm not going to stop now!

Unless the lowlanders of Holland were to return and govern the city I can't see any other solution but to abandon it to Mother Nature.

Historic floods in Jakarta
1621 First recorded major flood, although construction of canals had started two years earlier.
1654 Flood ruined most mulberry groves causing shortage of Tonkinese silk.

1699 Ciliwung river floods old Batavia after Mount Salak erupts.
1714 Ciliwung river overflows after clearing forest areas in Puncak.
1854 New Batavia is a meter under water, caused by the raging Ciliwung.
1918 Extensive flooding. The Dutch colonial government begins work on the Western Flood Canal (West Banjir Canal).
1932 Flood caused by conversion of Puncak forest into tea and rubber plantations sweeps away houses in Sabang and Jl. Thamrin.

Governor Ali Sadikin (1966-77) kept the city virtually flood-free through a programme of cleaning, maintenance and construction of water channels with funds drawn from legal gambling.

1973 Sadikin's administration completes the Master Plan for Drainage and Flood Control of Jakarta, which includes the East Flood Canal.

Since the 1990's ……..
1996 A flood sweeps through the capital and approximately 10 people die.
2000 Jakarta Governor Sutiyoso spoke about the need to dredge the West Canal and to build the East Canal. "Although we have had the master plan of the canals since 1975, due to budget problems (corruption?) we could not build them."
2002 The Dartmouth Flood Observatory notes it as the largest flood in Jakarta’s history. 25 people died.
2007 The greatest flood in the last three centuries inundates about 40% of the city, killing 80 people and forcing about 340,000 to flee.

….. and poor alike!

The then Vice Governor Fauzi Bowo offered the excuse that there was nothing that could have been done to prevent it because "Floods happen everywhere in the world."

2012 The East Banjir Canal is completed and ….?

The Post reported in the first week of this year that City Hall had finally woken up to "the extraordinary risk that disastrous flooding poses to the capital" and was "drafting a contingency plan."

“We are planning to provide evacuation maps and flooding-mitigation guides in each community unit across the city.”

"Drafting"? "Planning"? Are they referring to this year or to a 5, 10, or 30 Strategic Plan?
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This is a slightly edited version of an article published in the Jakarta Expat magazine 61st edition.
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References
Climate Change, Disaster Risk and the Urban Poor (Jakarta Case Study Overview) (pub. World Bank 2011)
"There is very little quantified, centralized information about the most vulnerable communities in Jakarta, the urban poor and informal settlements."

"Jakarta Coastal Sea Defense [is] coupled with land reclamation and improved pumping capacity. This is still in the design stages."

"Plans have been developed for some time to expand the capacity of the pipes to increase [potable] water supply to Jakarta, and therefore ease the causes of subsidence, but they are not yet underway."

Jakarta Flood Hazard Mapping Framework (.pdf) by Jan Jaap Brinkman and Marco Hartman
The Jakarta Post and Jakarta Globe, Bisnis Indonesia
Jakartass BBC Radio 5 Live Interview 2007

There is a growing understanding that it is ‘love’ that will be the prime force in the future economy of successful 21st century cities.
Larry Beasley, Distinguished Practice Professor of Planning at the University of British Columbia

Jakarta is Ibu Kota – the ‘mother city’ of Indonesia. Mother love is the source of all that’s good in humanity so the rakyat (citizenry) has the right to expect that the elected orang tua and bureaucrats, whose salaries come from the public purse, will provide a happy home.

Ali Sadikin, who was Governor from 1966 to 1977, had a commitment to the well-being of Jakartans and would regularly walk through the gangs (alleys) of slum areas to acquaint himself with conditions in order to ameliorate them. Taman Ismail Marzuki and Ancol Dreamland remain as his legacy.

That his protected Tomang City Forest should now be a sea of concrete which includes ‘Mal Taman Angrekk’ (Orchid Park Mall) and ‘Central Park’ says much about his self-seeking successors. The impression since then is that Jakartans have been served by a bunch of beggars competing among themselves.

It is unlikely that the governor to be elected in 2012 will do so without the machinery and machinations of a major political party, yet it is surely time for a new paradigm. This city needs not only a visionary, but someone who has the personal integrity and courage to change the mindsets of Jakartans and the bureaucrats in City Hall who believe that their sole responsibility is to be served by the public and those business enterprises which top up their troughs.

What is sorely needed is a system of people empowerment, a decision-making process which moves away from ‘top down’ working, to ways of working that consider the needs and wishes of communities regarding the distribution of public resources, thus creating opportunities for engaging, educating, and empowering citizens, and thereby fostering a more vibrant civil society.

Two successful models are Participatory Budgeting, first pioneered in 1989 by the mayor of Porto Alegre, Brazil, and Britain’s Sustainable Communities Act 2007

Could either work here? The mechanism already exists in the pyramid structure of RT upwards to, and downwards from, City Hall. However, given that both models help promote transparency, with the potential to reduce government inefficiencies and corruption, I would not expect any past or prospective ‘public servant’ to even consider them.
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pub. Jakarta Post 23.12.11
(I wrote at greater length on this topic here.)

The article I posted a couple of days ago was originally sent to the Jakarta Globe..However, as they haven’t used it, I didn’t want it to go to waste. However, things have been happening on the transport front since then.

First up, though, is this picture from BeritaJakarta.com which Thomas Belfield of the Jakarta Urban Blog sent me. He wrote, “I keep coming across Jakarta BusWay stories. Some stories tout it as the best thing in Jakarta and blah, blah, blah and then others report terrible accidents and deaths, I suppose because the rakyat are uneducated about the sophistication of taking a bus. Anyway, I am attaching a graphic they use in their stories. It says it all.“

I disagree.

Monorail Monoliths

These tall pillars are the remnants of a much vaunted ‘mass’ transit system which wouldn’t actually have carried many people. It was announced earlier this week that the monorail had been abandoned due to the lack of (foreign) funding and Gov. Fuzzy Bodoh said that Jakarta only wanted public transportation that was cost-efficient, and with the monorail project scrapped, it would seek an alternative system of mass public transportation that would have a larger capacity and a lower construction cost.

He did not elaborate.

So it was with some surprise that two days ago the City Hall website announced the following:

Special Flyover for TransJakarta Bus to Be Built

Jakarta Provincial Government has decided to not continue the monorail project which has been delayed all this time. However, the pillars for that project will not be destroyed because it will be converted as pillars for TransJakarta bus special flyover. It is planned that 50 trailer buses with capacity of 180 passengers will be prepared in that special lane, while the tariff is estimated between Rp 6-8 thousand.

However, the subsidy mechanism will still be applied as current TransJakarta bus, i.e. Rp.3,500. It is predicted this circular lane could transport about 45 passengers each day with three minutes of headway.

“45 passengers each day”? Shurely shome mishtake, eh?

Of course, the pillars will have to be strengthened, possibly even replaced, as most have been exposed to Jakarta’s acidic pollution for the past four years. Still, on the face of it, this might be a good idea as those monorail pillars are planned to be built 16 bus stop points with loop line. Among those points, 12 of it will become transfer points to other corridors and train stations. The bus stops which will be built are Polda Metro Jaya, SCBD, Niaga Bank, Senayan Roundabout, Gelora Bung Karno Stadium, Senayan Plaza, Palmerah, Pejompongan, Karet, Sudirman, Setiabudi Utara, Kuningan Madya, Sumantri Casablanca Sports Hall (GOR), Health Ministry, Kuningan Timur, and Satria Mandala – all within central Jakarta. One may assume that there will also be easy access to other Busway routes, hopefully as extensions rather than as a limited loop.

Having gone this far, seemingly in an amazingly short time, perhaps City Hall would now consider changing the function of the two elevated roads currently under construction, and limit their use to the Busway and, if there’s sufficient width, bike lanes.

And while they’re at it, how about a bike share scheme? Within a few months there are going to be 10,000 bikes for hire silently whooshing through the streets of New York.

… in appalling English, read Berita Jakarta, the official website of the Jakarta Provincial Government. At first, the website was named Jakarta News, but another side has owned it so the beritajakarta.com name came up and it became the name of the website. Now beritajakarta.com becomes the name of official website of Jakarta Provincial Government.

The following snippets have been lifted from today's 'edition' (22.9.11)
 
Gas Fuel Stock in Pinang Ranti SPBBG Running Low
Due to machine disturbance at Fuel Gas Filling Station (SPBBG) in Daan Mogot and Kampung Rambutan some time ago, the SPBBG in Pinang Ranti becomes flooded with TransJakarta bus to refill its fuel.

Jakarta Ready for World Metropolitan City 
In order to realize metropolitan city in the world, various efforts have been conducted by Jakarta Capital City Government. One of the efforts is inviting Germany Government to realize this thing.

June 24-26, Visit Passer Baroe Festival 
For Jakarta residents who want to spent weekend, the 12th Passer Baroe Festival is good choice for touring and shopping which has historical education as well as promising entertainment. (NB. Note the date – "promising entertainment")

There's a section on Women's Empowerment.

Installing Nako Windows, A Metromini Ticketed
Still related to rape cases in public minivans recently, Jakarta Transportation Department held raid toward unfeasible public transports and tinted windows in Rawamangun Terminal.

Family Role is Important to Anticipate Trash Problem
In order to anticipate trash problem in Jakarta, we cannot rely on cleaning service. But people participation, in family is also needed because every household in Jakarta also donates a lot of trashes.

However, anyone who worries that women are rising above their station in life witll be pleased with this profile of Chandrawaty, Head of North Jakarta Elementary Education Sub-Department

As a bureaucrat, Chandra possesses capabilities as lecturer. In fact, she holds doctorate degree. Her bachelor degree obtained from IKIP Jakarta (UNJ at that time) for Education major. Her post-graduate and doctorate degree were also obtained from UNJ majoring in Education and Education Management.

With her tight schedules as a bureaucrat and a lecturer, she never forgot her nature as a woman. She is a quite good cook and also handy in cleaning her house without the help of housemaid.

That sums up the the mindset of the incompetents in City Hall, from the soon to be electorally rejected Governor Fuzzy Bodoh downwards.

No resident of Jakarta, or visitor (apart from Barack Obama), needs to be told that getting around the city is a very stressful activity. However, that is what a Public Policy Student writing in his Jakarta Post sponsored blog has done.

Like many other Jakarta inhabitants, technically I don’t live in Jakarta but spend most of my time and daily activities there. I live just a bit south of Jakarta where you cross a bridge and administratively belong to the South Tangerang bureaucracy under the Banten Province. Others may live in Depok, Cibubur, Bekasi, and even Bogor, but still make their living in Jakarta.

My daily routine starts by waking up early in the morning, bracing myself for the traffic congestion that I knowingly will endure when I go to my office. On a good day, it will take me 45 minutes; 1 hour for a realistic estimate and 2 hours for a worst-case scenario. However, you factor the time when you commute back to your house, on average you will spend 1,5-4 hours on the road in Jakarta, per day.

A good friend who's been here the same length of time as me, 23+ years, told me yesterday that he estimated that he'd spent close to three years in taxis in that time. I use public transport when that's an available option, and always carry some reading material, but my expenditure must be roughly the same as his, and if I add on what my family spends on their individual outings ….. .

Further reinforcement of how bad things are comes from Frost & Sullivan, the Growth Partnership Company whose "Growth Partnership Service provides the CEO and the CEO's Growth Team with disciplined research and best-practice models to drive the generation, evaluation, and implementation of powerful growth strategies" -  and not referring to their tautology. Their Journey Experience Index ranks Jakarta at 23rd out of 23 cities worldwide because commuters "... were mainly dissatisfied due to traffic congestion for individual transport and overcrowding in public transportation."

I am surprised to note that Singapore is only ranked at 23 because it's a positive pleasure to get around, if only for a day or two.

Copenhagen sounds nice as it "topped the index with an average score of 81.5 points in overall journey experience – public and private transportation – due to its high usage of non-motorised transport, such as bicycles and integrated public transportation system." And a focus on improved pedestrian areas. However, "Seattle and Sydney scored highly due to its excellent road infrastructure and high car ownership. Our analysis shows that cities with high car ownership tend to record higher satisfaction in overall journey experience."

That last sentence is the very reason for Jakarta's low ranking! Seven years ago I suggested that Jakarta should have a Five Year Transport Plan as adopted by London. A number of its proposals seemed eminently sensible and could have been adopted here.

Seven years later, none of these have happened:
•  Switch to low-floor buses with CCTV.
•  Introduction of low-emission zone by 2007
•  Initiatives to encourage more walking
•  pedestrian crossings giving priority to pedestrians.
•  New street lighting (rather than illuminated adverts).
•  New security measures for stations, e.g. no ticket touts.

But work has commenced on the following:
•  A cycle network – albeit a single bike lane
•  Extension of the 3-in-1 scheme throughout the day – due to be replaced with an electronic congestion charge next year … or … maybe notl
• Air-cooled trains – new (secondhand) rolling stock has made a difference although carriages are deteriorating fast.
•  Rail link from town to Soekarno-Hatta Airport. – land clearance is underway at Manggarai in preparation for its transformation into Jakarta’s main rail hub. Or, that’s what we’ve been told.

The monorail has been abandoned and two elevated roads are under construction and adding to the congestion. In brief, any ‘improvements’ have been offset by a focus on the ‘needs’ of private motorists. And the rest of us continue to suffer.

Such is the incompetence of City Hall, that Central Government has now stepped in with a 'solution': based on a presidential regulation, it will form a Greater Jakarta Transportation Authority (OTJ)  to solve Jakarta's transport problem's.. The only problem is that this will solve little, given that six toll roads are part of the plan.

There is the familar proposal to add to the rail network, such as from Maggarai to Soekarno-Hatta airport, yet with a limited budget from the government to maintain and develop its aging infrastructure, the country’s railway operator has been struggling to survive “unfair” competition with road-based transportation, which has been heavily subsidized by the government.

There are so many incidences of reasonable ideas being floated, then not carried out because meetings need to be held to draft regulations, or (most probably) to allocate brown envelopes.

Why else should the Jakarta Administration soon start building underground walkways to support the planned Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) network system, when they haven't yet determined exactly where the stations will be? And couldn't they first provide them for access to the Busway, for example at the Kampung Melayu terminus where you risk your life in crossing crowded roads?

On our visit to the Taman Prasasti Cemetery, Our Kid and I got off one Busway stop too early, Bank Indonesia instead of Monumen Nasional, and had a bit of a hike to the haven. One road, Jl.Abdul Muis, had an unexpectedly navigable pavement (Am. sidewalk). I remarked on this and he replied that this was because very few people used it. Similarly fine pedestrian passageways can be found beneath the cloverleaf intersection at Semangg where I've rarely seen a soul.

The rakyat are coerced into electing legislators with false promises, none of which seem to be of benefit to any other than those elected. Much like this blog post, but with less cohesion, the management of Jakarta's mass transport is a matter of 'cut and paste'. It's nearly time to tell them to cut it out or the electors will surely give them a right pasting the next time they go to the polls.

Postscript
I'm pleased that the Jakarta Transport Agency are now planning to connect public bus routes with train stations. The nine train stations targeted are Sudirman, Gambir, Juanda and Pasar Senen Stations in Central Jakarta; Jakarta Kota and Tanjung Priok Stations in North Jakarta; Mampang Station in South Jakarta and Matraman Station in East Jakarta.

Agency chief Udar Pristono said, “We will construct special access from these stations to the nearest Transjakarta bus shelters.” Mind you, it doesn't quite fit with my suggestion four years ago that extra Busway haltes should be built, e.g. at Sudirman station which is midway, at a distance of at least half a kilometre from Tosari and  Dukuh Atas haltes.

Nor does it help that current access is unsafe due to "funding woes".

Note how motorcyclists couldn't clog up the Cambridge Busway as they do in Jakarta.

Having to rely on Wikileaks for info must be galling for 'proper' journalists, much as relying on 'proper' journalists can be galling for bloggers such as I.

We all knew that the first election for the Jakarta governorship was rigged, but not necessarily how. So we must thank the Jakarta Globe for reporting on a cable, dated April 25, 2007, sent from the American Embassy.

“Despite the intense press coverage of the election and its national importance, the Jakarta elites have rigged the game.”

The cable said a number of sources, including a member of the Golkar Party central board named Dadan Irawan, told the embassy that former Jakarta Governor Sutiyoso was supporting Fauzi financially because Fauzi would “reward this loyalty by blocking any efforts to investigate Sutiyoso’s murky business dealings after he departs office.”

Fauzi, it said, was also expected to allow Sutiyoso to continue the money-making opportunities he had enjoyed as governor.

"Our contacts tell us that Vice Governor Fauzi purchased the support of three of the four largest political parties in Jakarta for at least Rp 5 billion apiece [$555,000],” the cable says, referring to the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), Golkar, and the Democratic Party.

So, what were the "money-making opportunities he had enjoyed"?

There is very little to be gleaned from Google or other sources regarding Sutiyoso's companies, but we can all conjecture about how he enriched himself.

To have been governor in the first place, as appointed by President Megashopper, he must have had sufficient financial resources. As a former Lieutenant-General, for 23 years a member of the notorious Kopassus, alleged to have been involved with human rights abuses during Indonesia's military occupation of East Timor, he will no doubt have added to his pension through involvement in the army's business empire. And it must not be forgotten that he was Jakarta's military commanderduring the mayhem of May '98.

As a former Jakarta governor, Sutiyoso takes great pride in having launched the Transjakarta Busway system. It's operators, different bus companies, regularly complain about being under-resourced. He may well complain that Fauzi Bowo could have done better but the real blame may be laid at Sutiyoso's door for not thinking through the project by, for example, ensuring a sufficient number of refuelling stations for the LPG powered buses.

A couple of years ago, the Buddha Bar was a highly controversial issue. In March 2009, Fauzi Bowo said that the city administration had bought the historic building, formerly the Central Jakarta Immigration Office, for Rp.30 billion ($2.51 million) in 2001, and poured an additional Rp.6.1 billion into restoring it in 2005 – when the city was led by former Governor Sutiyoso.

And who ended up using the building? Why, none other than Renny Sutiyoso, the daughter of Sutiyoso, and her pal Puan Maharani, the daughter of former president Megawati, .

Naturally, there were calls for an investigation by the Corruption Eradication Commission, but, not unexpectedly, nothing seems to have happened on that score

Back in 2000, as Governor of Jakarta, Sutiyoso was de facto on the board of six companies owned by the city administration: tap water company PDAM Jaya, slaughter company PD Dharma Jaya, property company PD Pembangunan Sarana Jaya, market operator PD Pasar Jaya, waste water company PD PAL Jaya and hotel operator PD Wisata Niaga Jaya. He was expected to resign from them, as well as the 21 jointly owned companies of which jhe was chief commissioner "to improve their performances."

The head of the city economic office Dameria Saragih told reporters that the governor would initially resign from four of the companies, namely PT Bumi Grafika Jaya, PT Food Station Cipinang, PT Pembangunan Jaya and PT Pembangunan Jaya Ancol.

Two years later, councillors were surprised when they discovered that Sutiyoso was still a commissioner at city-owned PD Pasar Jaya, which operates dozens of markets and shopping centers.

So, this is my conjecture.

As for Fauzi Bowo's opponent in the rigged election, Adang Daradjatun, a former deputy chief of the National Police, one of the most corrupt institutions in Indonesia, reportedly paid the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) between Rp.15 billion and Rp.25 billion for its support.

One may ponder whether Nunun Nurbaeti, his now missing wife, lent him more than a hand.

She probably also helped him become a PKS legislator in the DPR where one may assume he's grafting away.

For Divided We Stand 1, click here, and 2, click here.
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We Are Not Alone

"Sadikin demonstrated that by responsible dedicated leadership Indonesians can help themselves. He … achieved so much to improve life in Djakarta … by using his imagination and leadership. In doing so, he … inspired people to work hard for the public good. He … instilled a new sense of self-confidence into them and their future."
Mochtar Lubis

When seeking election, the current inept governor suggested to the electorate that they should "let the expert handle the capital city.”  The electorate's consensus is that he is not an expert, or if he is, then none like him is needed, let alone wanted. Presumably he himself lacks the "self-confidence" which is the key to making Jakarta a better place; that will only come about when elected leaders such as he listen to the electorate. However, this means getting down and dirty, something I anticipated was beyond his comprehension.

When Sukarno appointed Sadikin (a Marine general) governor and told him to "save the city," Sadikin set out to learn first hand the problems of the people of the city he was to save. Incognito, he traveled the length and breadth of Djakarta, alone or with only an aide, on foot, by jeep, or on public transportation – of which there was pitifully little. He stood in the rain and tried to squeeze onto the overcrowded buses; he saw scalpers buy up the few tickets that were available. He ate at the roadside stalls and heard the complaints of the hawkers, the slum dwellers and the squatters.

"I try to understand the problems of the common people. I have no training so with me it is trying to know the problems, a little bit of common sense and feeling."

Assuming that Jakarta's special autonomy status is reviewed, as I outlined in this post (Divided We Stand 2), then electing someone in Sadikin's mould, such as the Mayor of Solo, Joko Widodo, (an 'expert' in exporting furniture), is required to respond to the need of the city's citizens to have a city to enjoy being a part of, rather than apart from, to inspire people to work hard for the public good.

A popular word in the vocabulary of bureacrats and their political masters is 'socialisation'. It is currently used as an excuse for procrastination rather than as an educative tool, and the public is rarely involved in the decisons which directly concern them, whether it's the clearance of squatters or not involving members of the public in formulating Jakarta's Spatial Plan 2030.

The structure of Jakarta's administration was established by Sadikin on August 9th 1966.

Djakarta was divided into: five townships, each under a mayor who is a technical person appointed by the governor; 27 sub-districts (kelurahan ) consisting of 200,000 persons and under a divisional officer, and 220 "village" units of around 30,000 people under a village leader.

Power is decentralized, with the headman at the lowest level being "responsible for knowing everything that goes on in the neighborhood and for carrying out government orders and organizing various neighborhood activities. The next level up is responsible for "such matters as local security and sanitation."

This policy of administration seeks to insure "greater participation of the communities in development activities and encourages cooperation between the government and the communities. Furthermore, the Governor is freed from the daily routine activities of administration."

In spite of the massive population growth, this structure has varied but little since. It is still a top-down mindset, even at street level, with little "participation of the communities", let alone "co-operation". It's as if the population exists to serve the civil servants, rather than as it should be, the other way around. Yet the structure needs few changes to serve quite adequately.

In the interests of rukun (harmony) and social control, each house is designated within a rukun tetangga (RT – neighbourhood association) of 45 houses (in my case, but presumably lots more in densely populated urban kampungs). Every resident is supposed to be registered with Pak RT.

Each RT is a sub-division of a rukun warga (RW – citizen's association) which in turn is a sub-division of a kelurahan (village administrative unit). This is where Indonesians sort out ID cards and check whether they've been included on the electoral register. In terms of the larger bureaucracy, every kelurahan is a sub-division of one of the five Jakarta mayoralties, and so it goes up to City Hall, through the police, immigration and whichever government department is interested in keeping tabs on the 230 or so million people in this vast country..

However, power corrupts, and it's not unknown for RTs on the bottom rung of the government ladder to become little Hitlers, perhaps through embezzling community funds for personal benefit.

A new model of representation is therefore called for if Jakarta in particular is to overcome its many problems, although it need not be too radical a change as the framework I have outlined is already in place.

Empires have fallen when the power élite lose touch with the commonfolk. Authoritarian regimes, of whatever political hue, inevitably crumble as their hold on resources leads to a dissolute lifestyle.

Virtually all changes in vibrant societies come from below, from the communities at large.

Transition Initiative is focussed on the pressures of climate change, fossil fuel depletion and increasingly, economic contraction, but neatly encapsulates why community action is, possibly, the only viable model.

• If we wait for the governments, it'll be too little, too late.
• If we act as individuals, it'll be too little.
• But if we act as communities, it might just be enough, just in time.

As to whether City Hall can adapt to this ………..